Ma ke kahua o ke kelepona, ka pilina kikowaena ʻikepili, a me ka lawe wikiō, makemake nui ʻia ke kaula fiber optic. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia he koho waiwai a hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ke kaula fiber optic no kēlā me kēia lawelawe pākahi. No laila, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hiki o ke fiber ma ke kahua fiber e kū nei he mea kūpono loa ia. ʻO WDM kahi ʻenehana e hoʻonui i nā hōʻailona optical he nui ma luna o kahi fiber hoʻokahi ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nalu like ʻole o ke kukui laser. E kau ʻia kahi noiʻi wikiwiki o nā kahua WDM ma CWDM a me DWDM. Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou ma ka manaʻo like o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā nalu he nui o ke kukui ma kahi fiber hoʻokahi. Akā loaʻa iā lāua nā pono a me nā hemahema.
He aha ka CWDM?
Kākoʻo ʻo CWDM a hiki i 18 mau kahawai nalu i hoʻouna ʻia ma o kahi fiber i ka manawa like. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia, ʻo nā nalu like ʻole o kēlā me kēia kahawai he 20nm ke kaʻawale. Kākoʻo ʻo DWDM a hiki i 80 mau kahawai nalu like, me kēlā me kēia kahawai he 0.8nm wale nō ke kaʻawale. Hāʻawi ka ʻenehana CWDM i kahi hopena kūpono a kūpono hoʻi no nā mamao pōkole a hiki i 70 kilomita. No nā mamao ma waena o 40 a me 70 kilomita, ua kaupalena ʻia ʻo CWDM i ke kākoʻo ʻana i ʻewalu mau kahawai.
ʻO ka ʻōnaehana CWDM maʻamau ke kākoʻo nei i ʻewalu mau nalu ma kēlā me kēia fiber a ua hoʻolālā ʻia no nā kamaʻilio pōkole, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā alapine ākea me nā nalu i hohola mamao ʻia.
ʻOiai ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo CWDM ma ka mamao o ke kahawai 20-nm mai 1470 a i 1610 nm, hoʻolaha pinepine ʻia ia ma nā ʻāpana fiber a hiki i 80km a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā amplifier optical me nā kahawai ākea nui. ʻO kēia ākea ākea o nā kahawai e ʻae i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā optics kumukūʻai kūpono. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hiki o nā loulou a me ka mamao i kākoʻo ʻia me CWDM ma mua o DWDM.
ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo CWDM no ke kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa, ka mana haʻahaʻa (sub-10G) a me nā noi mamao pōkole kahi he mea nui ke kumukūʻai.
ʻO ka mea hou loa, ua like like nā kumukūʻai no nā ʻāpana CWDM a me DWDM. Hiki i nā nalu CWDM ke lawe i 10 Gigabit Ethernet a me 16G Fiber Channel i kēia manawa, a he mea paʻakikī loa ia e hoʻonui hou ʻia kēia mana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
He aha ka DWDM?
ʻAʻole e like me CWDM, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia nā pilina DWDM a no laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻoili ʻana i ka ʻikepili i nā mamao lōʻihi.
Ma nā ʻōnaehana DWDM, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka helu o nā kahawai multiplexed ma mua o CWDM no ka mea hoʻohana ʻo DWDM i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka nalu lōʻihi e hoʻokomo i nā kahawai hou aʻe ma luna o hoʻokahi fiber.
Ma kahi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke kahawai 20 nm i hoʻohana ʻia ma CWDM (like me kahi 15 miliona GHz), hoʻohana nā ʻōnaehana DWDM i nā ʻano hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā kahawai i kuhikuhi ʻia mai 12.5 GHz a i 200 GHz ma ka C-Band a i kekahi manawa ʻo ka L-band.
ʻO ka maʻamau, kākoʻo nā ʻōnaehana DWDM o kēia lā i 96 mau kahawai i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma 0.8 nm ke kaʻawale i loko o ka spectrum 1550 nm C-Band. Ma muli o kēia, hiki i nā ʻōnaehana DWDM ke hoʻouna i kahi nui o ka ʻikepili ma o kahi loulou fiber hoʻokahi no ka mea e ʻae lākou i nā nalu he nui e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma luna o ka fiber like.
He kūpono loa ʻo DWDM no nā kamaʻilio lōʻihi a hiki i 120 km a ma ʻō aku ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻohana i nā amplifier optical, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka spectrum 1550 nm a i ʻole C-band holoʻokoʻa i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā noi DWDM. Lanakila kēia i nā wā lōʻihi o ka attenuation a i ʻole ka mamao a i ka wā e hoʻoikaika ʻia e Erbium Doped-Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs), loaʻa i nā ʻōnaehana DWDM ka hiki ke lawe i nā ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe ma nā mamao lōʻihi e uhi ana a hiki i nā haneli a i ʻole nā tausani kilomita.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hiki ke kākoʻo i ka nui o nā nalu ma mua o CWDM, hiki i nā kahua DWDM ke lawelawe i nā protocols wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe e like me ka hapa nui o nā mea kūʻai aku lako lawe optical i kēia lā e kākoʻo pinepine ana i ka 100G a i ʻole 200G i kēlā me kēia nalu ʻoiai ke ʻae nei nā ʻenehana hou no 400G a ma waho.
ʻO ke alapine nalu DWDM vs CWDM:
ʻOi aku ka laulā o ka mamao o ke kahawai CWDM ma mua o DWDM -- ʻo ia ka ʻokoʻa maʻamau o ke alapine (frequency) a i ʻole ka nalu ma waena o ʻelua mau kahawai optical e pili kokoke ana.
ʻO ka maʻamau, lawe nā ʻōnaehana CWDM i ʻewalu mau nalu me kahi mamao o ke kahawai o 20 nm ma ka pūnaewele spectrum mai 1470 nm a i 1610 nm.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā ʻōnaehana DWDM ke lawe i nā nalu 40, 80, 96 a i ʻole 160 ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi mamao haiki loa 0.8/0.4 nm (100 GHz/50 GHz grid). ʻO nā nalu DWDM maʻamau mai 1525 nm a i 1565 nm (C-band), me kekahi mau ʻōnaehana i hiki ke hoʻohana i nā nalu mai 1570 nm a i 1610 nm (L-band).
Nā Pōmaikaʻi o CWDM:
1. Kumukūʻai Haʻahaʻa
ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai o CWDM ma mua o DWDM ma muli o ke kumukūʻai o nā lako. Hoʻohana ka ʻōnaehana CWDM i nā lasers i hoʻoluʻu ʻia i ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o nā lasers DWDM uncooled. Eia kekahi, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o nā transceivers DWDM he ʻehā a ʻelima paha manawa ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai ma mua o kā lākou mau modula CWDM. ʻOi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kumukūʻai hana o ka DWDM ma mua o CWDM. No laila, he koho kūpono ʻo CWDM no ka poʻe i kaupalena ʻia ke kālā.
2. Koi Mana
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me CWDM, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o nā koi mana no DWDM. ʻOiai ʻo nā lasers DWDM me nā circuitry monitor a me ka mana e pili ana e hoʻopau ma kahi o 4 W no kēlā me kēia nalu. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana kahi mea hoʻoili laser CWDM uncooled ma kahi o 0.5 W o ka mana. He ʻenehana passive ʻo CWDM ʻaʻole hoʻohana i ka mana uila. Loaʻa iā ia nā hopena kālā maikaʻi no nā mea hoʻohana pūnaewele.
3. Hana maʻalahi
Hoʻohana nā ʻōnaehana CWDM i ka ʻenehana maʻalahi e pili ana i ka DWDM. Hoʻohana ia i ka LED a i ʻole Laser no ka mana. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me ke kumu kūʻai o nā kānana nalu o nā ʻōnaehana CWDM. No laila ua maʻalahi ke hoʻokomo a hoʻohana.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi o DWDM:
1. Hoʻonui maʻalahi
He palupalu a paʻa ka DWDM e pili ana i nā ʻano fiber. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka DWDM i 16 mau kahawai ma nā fiber G.652 a me G.652.C. Ma muli o ka ʻoiaʻiʻo e hoʻohana mau ana ʻo DWDM i ka ʻāpana pohō haʻahaʻa o ka fiber. ʻOiai ʻo nā ʻōnaehana CWDM 16 kahawai e pili ana i ka hoʻoili ʻana ma ka ʻāpana 1300-1400nm, kahi i ʻoi aku ai ke kiʻekiʻe o ka attenuation.
2. Ka hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia
ʻAe nā hoʻonā DWDM i ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā ʻanuʻu o ʻewalu mau kahawai i ka nui o 40 mau kahawai. ʻAe lākou i kahi mana holoʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka fiber ma mua o kahi hoʻonā CWDM.
3. Ka mamao hoʻoili lōʻihi
Hoʻohana ʻo DWDM i ka hui nalu 1550 hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻoikaika optical maʻamau (EDFA). Hoʻonui ia i ka mamao hoʻoili i nā haneli kilomita.
E hāʻawi ke kiʻi ma lalo nei iā ʻoe i kahi manaʻo ʻike maka o nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o CWDM a me DWDM.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-14-2022