Ma ke kahua o ka telecommunications, data center connectivity, and video transport, fiber optic cabling is very wanti. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole ʻo ka fiber optic cabling he koho waiwai a hiki paha ke hoʻokō no kēlā me kēia lawelawe. No laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hiki o ka fiber ma luna o ka ʻōnaehana fiber e kū nei. He ʻenehana ʻo WDM e hoʻonui i nā hōʻailona optical he nui i ka fiber hoʻokahi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lōʻihi hawewe like ʻole o ke kukui laser. E kau ʻia kahi noiʻi wikiwiki o nā kahua WDM ma CWDM a me DWDM. Hoʻokumu ʻia lākou ma ka manaʻo hoʻokahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lōʻihi hawewe he nui o ka mālamalama ma kahi fiber hoʻokahi. Akā, loaʻa iā lāua nā pono a me nā hemahema.
He aha ka CWDM?
Kākoʻo ʻo CWDM a hiki i 18 mau kaha nalu i hoʻouna ʻia ma o ka fiber i ka manawa like. No ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia, ʻo nā lōʻihi nalu like ʻole o kēlā me kēia kahawai he 20nm kaawale. Kākoʻo ʻo DWDM a hiki i 80 mau kaha nalu i ka manawa like, me kēlā me kēia awāwa he 0.8nm wale nō ke kaʻawale. Hāʻawi ka ʻenehana CWDM i kahi hopena kūpono a kūpono hoʻi no nā mamao pōkole a hiki i 70 mau kilomita. No nā mamao ma waena o 40 a me 70 mau kilomita, ua kaupalena ʻia ʻo CWDM i ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā kahawai ʻewalu.
Kākoʻo maʻamau ka ʻōnaehana CWDM i ʻewalu mau nalu nalu i kēlā me kēia fiber a ua hoʻolālā ʻia no nā kamaʻilio pōkole, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā alapine ākea me nā lōʻihi hawewe i hoʻolaha mamao loa.
No ka mea, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻo CWDM ma luna o 20-nm channel spacing mai 1470 a 1610 nm, maʻamau ia e kau ʻia ma nā fiber spans a hiki i 80km a i ʻole ka liʻiliʻi no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā amplifiers optical me nā kahawai spacing nui. ʻO kēia ākea ākea o nā ala e hiki ai ke hoʻohana i nā optics kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hiki o nā loulou a me ka mamao i kākoʻo ʻia me CWDM ma mua o DWDM.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo CWDM no ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (sub-10G) a me nā noi mamao pōkole kahi mea nui ke kumu kūʻai.
I kēia mau lā, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā kumukūʻai no nā ʻāpana CWDM a me DWDM. Hiki i nā hawewe nalu CWDM i kēia manawa ke lawe i ka 10 Gigabit Ethernet a me 16G Fiber Channel, a ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia kēia mana i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
He aha ka DWDM?
ʻAʻole like me CWDM, hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia nā pilina DWDM a no laila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka ʻikepili i kahi mamao loa.
Ma nā ʻōnaehana DWDM, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka nui o nā kaha i hoʻohui ʻia ma mua o CWDM no ka mea, hoʻohana ʻo DWDM i ka ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka hawewe lōʻihi no ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā kahawai hou aʻe i ka fiber hoʻokahi.
Ma kahi o ka 20 nm channel spacing i hoʻohana ʻia ma CWDM (e like me ka 15 miliona GHz), hoʻohana nā ʻōnaehana DWDM i nā ʻano kikowaena kikoʻī i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai 12.5 GHz a i 200 GHz i ka C-Band a i kekahi manawa ka L-band.
Kākoʻo nā ʻōnaehana DWDM o kēia lā i nā kaha 96 i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma 0.8 nm kaawale i loko o ka spectrum 1550 nm C-Band. Ma muli o kēia, hiki i nā ʻōnaehana DWDM ke hoʻoili i ka nui o ka ʻikepili ma o kahi loulou fiber hoʻokahi e like me ka ʻae ʻana i nā lōʻihi hawewe hou aʻe e hoʻopili ʻia i ka fiber like.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o DWDM no nā kamaʻilio lōʻihi a hiki i 120 km a ma waho aʻe ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻohana i nā amplifier optical, hiki ke hoʻonui maikaʻi i ka 1550 nm a i ʻole C-band spectrum i hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā noi DWDM. Loaʻa kēia i nā manawa lōʻihi o ka attenuation a i ʻole ka lōʻihi a i ka wā i hoʻonui ʻia e Erbium Doped-Fiber Amplifiers (EDFAs), hiki i nā ʻōnaehana DWDM ke lawe i nā ʻikepili kiʻekiʻe ma nā mamao lōʻihi a hiki i nā haneli a i ʻole mau tausani mau kilomita.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hiki ke kākoʻo i ka nui o nā nalu nalu ma mua o CWDM, hiki i nā platform DWDM ke lawelawe i nā protocols kiʻekiʻe aʻe e like me ka hapa nui o nā mea kūʻai aku kaʻa uila i kēia lā e kākoʻo mau nei i ka 100G a i ʻole 200G i kēlā me kēia nalu i ka wā e ʻae ana nā ʻenehana hou no 400G a ma waho.
DWDM vs CWDM ka lōʻihi hawewe:
ʻOi aku ka nui o ka CWDM ma mua o DWDM -- ka ʻokoʻa i koho ʻia i ka alapine a i ʻole ka lōʻihi o ka hawewe ma waena o ʻelua mau kaha ʻonika pili.
ʻO nā ʻōnaehana CWDM ka mea maʻamau e lawe i ʻewalu mau hawewe me kahi kaila spacing o 20 nm ma ke kiko kikoʻī mai 1470 nm a i 1610 nm.
Hiki i nā ʻōnaehana DWDM, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, ke lawe i 40, 80, 96 a i ʻole 160 mau hawewe lōʻihi ma o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi ākea ākea 0.8/0.4 nm (100 GHz/50 GHz mākia). ʻO nā hawewe nalu DWDM maʻamau mai 1525 nm a 1565 nm (C-band), me kekahi mau ʻōnaehana hiki ke hoʻohana i nā lōʻihi nalu mai 1570 nm a 1610 nm (L-band).
Nā Pono CWDM:
1. Kumukuai Haahaa
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o CWDM ma mua o DWDM ma muli o nā kumukūʻai lako. Hoʻohana ka ʻōnaehana CWDM i nā lasers hoʻoluʻu ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā lasers uncooled DWDM. Eia kekahi, ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā transceivers DWDM he mea maʻamau ʻehā a ʻelima mau manawa ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o kā lākou mau modula CWDM. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā koina hana o ka DWDM ma mua o CWDM. No laila he koho maikaʻi loa ʻo CWDM no ka poʻe i kaupalena ʻia ke kālā.
2. Pono mana
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me CWDM, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā koi mana no DWDM. E like me nā lasers DWDM me ka nānā ʻana a me ka circuit circuit e hoʻopau ma kahi o 4 W i kēlā me kēia nalu. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ka mea hoʻouna laser CWDM uncooled ma kahi o 0.5 W o ka mana. ʻO CWDM kahi ʻenehana passive ʻaʻole hoʻohana i ka mana uila. Loaʻa iā ia nā hopena kālā maikaʻi no nā mea hoʻohana pūnaewele.
3. Hana maʻalahi
Hoʻohana nā ʻōnaehana CWDM i ka ʻenehana maʻalahi e pili ana iā DWDM. Hoʻohana ia i ka LED a i ʻole Laser no ka mana. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā kānana nalu o nā ʻōnaehana CWDM. No laila ua maʻalahi lākou e hoʻokomo a hoʻohana.
Nā Pono DWDM:
1. Hoʻonui maʻalahi
He maʻalahi a paʻa ka DWDM e pili ana i nā ʻano fiber. ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o DWDM i nā kaha 16 hiki ke ola ma nā fiber G.652 a me G.652.C. Ma mua mai ka hoʻohana mau ʻana o DWDM i ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka fiber. ʻOiai ʻo 16 channel CWDM pūnaewele e pili ana i ka hoʻouna ʻana ma ka ʻāina 1300-1400nm, kahi i ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka attenuation.
2. Scalability
Hiki i nā hoʻonā DWDM ke hoʻonui i nā ʻanuʻu o nā kahawai ʻewalu a hiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā kaha 40. Hāʻawi lākou i ka nui o ka nui o ka mana ma ka fiber ma mua o kahi hopena CWDM.
3. Ka lōʻihi hoʻouna mamao
Hoʻohana ʻo DWDM i ka pūʻali hawewe 1550 hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonui optical maʻamau (EDFA's). Hoʻonui ia i ka mamao o ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā haneli kilomika.
ʻO ke kiʻi aʻe e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka ʻike maka o nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o CWDM a me DWDM.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iune-14-2022